This 2D and 3D Seismic Interpretation training course will concentrate on reflection seismic, a crucial technique for subsurface imaging from a geological standpoint. Seismic data, both in 2D and 3D formats, is an essential resource in the oil and gas industries, supporting both onshore and offshore operations.
Beyond its traditional role in hydrocarbon exploration, seismic data is increasingly used in geothermal energy, carbon sequestration in geological formations, and offshore wind energy projects. It also plays a key role in mapping salt structures for gas storage, identifying mineral deposits, and other subsurface imaging applications.
The training course will provide a thorough understanding of the principles behind 2D and 3D seismic data interpretation, covering its historical development, methods of acquisition, data processing, visualization techniques, and relevant software tools. Participants will engage in practical exercises to interpret seismic data, focusing on identifying faults and horizons to better understand the structure, stratigraphy, and geodynamics of geological basins.
Additionally, the training course will explore resource evaluation in the context of hydrocarbons, including exercises on reserve estimation and associated risk calculations.
The main topics of this Energy Training Centre training course include:
- Seismic data acquisition and processing methods
- 2D and 3D data visualization
- Fault interpretation and structural modeling
- Horizon and stratigraphic interpretation
- Petroleum systems, volumetrics, and risk analysis
The 2D and 3D Seismic Interpretation training course will be based on slide presentations for each module, together with team and individual exercises. There will also be sessions with real exploration examples to get participants a hands-on experience on the usage of seismic data. Exercises and examples include several geodynamic settings and participants will be able to evaluate, quantify and risk hydrocarbon accumulations.
Seismic interpretation plays a crucial role in the Oil and Gas sector, supporting everything from initial exploration to production. The organizational benefits of this 2D and 3D Seismic Interpretation training course include:
- Equipping staff with essential tools for the upstream industry
- Fostering a shared understanding of seismic data across different disciplines
- Establishing consistent seismic data standards across the company
- Enhancing the ability of staff to accurately identify leads and prospects
- Providing staff with the skills to assess and quantify hydrocarbon accumulations and associated risks
- Improving collaboration between geological and economic evaluation teams
Seismic data is the primary source of subsurface information in the oil industry. It’s essential for every Geoscientist or Engineer to have a basic understanding of its principles, applications, and limitations. The personal benefits of this course include:
- Gaining a deeper understanding of seismic data, including how it’s acquired, processed, and interpreted
- Learning how faults, horizons, and other geological features are identified and utilized in hydrocarbon exploration and production
- Developing the ability to detect hydrocarbon accumulations using seismic data
- Gaining skills to quantify and assess the risks of hydrocarbon accumulations
- Enhancing communication with other geoscience and engineering teams that work with seismic data
- Appreciating the geological structures revealed by seismic imaging of the subsurface
This training course is designed for subsurface professionals who are interested in using seismic interpretation for their work or interact with seismic interpreters in their companies.
This 2D and 3D Seismic Interpretation training course is suitable to a wide range of professionals but will greatly benefit:
- Petroleum Geologists
- Sedimentologists and stratigraphers
- Petrophysicists
- Basin modellers
- Geophysicists
- Reservoir and drilling engineers
Day One: Introduction to Seismic Data
- History of seismic studies
- The seismic method
- Rock properties
- Wave propagation, reflection, and refraction of seismic waves, reflectivity, impedance
- Data acquisition – Land and Marine
- Other geophysical methods
- Gravimetry
- Magnetics
- Electro magnetics
- Seismic data processing overview
- Conventional pre-stack processing and CMP gathers
- Post-stack processing
- Seismic migration, velocity models.
- Calibration methods (well-tie)
- Velocity surveys
- Sonic logs
- Synthetic seismograms
- Vertical Seismic Profiles
Day Two: 2D and 3D Seismic Data Basics
- 2D and 3D Seismic Data
- Parameters, visualization, polarity
- Seismic Data Libraries, public, private and licenses
- Software
- 2D and 3D interpretation techniques
- Hard and soft events
- Vertical exaggeration
- Horizontal and Vertical slicing in 3D data
- Seismic horizons – stratal interface, fluid contacts and non-geological horizons
- Quantitative interpretation geophysics
- Acoustic impedance and inversion
- AVO and pseudo-gradient
- RMS amplitude
- Spectral decomposition
- Other methods
Day Three: Faults and Structure Interpretation
- Fault interpretation
- Introduction to fault interpretation
- Structural styles
- Rift basins
- Compressional domains
- Salt tectonics
- Strike-slip faults
- Mapping faults in 2D data
- Faults in each seismic line
- Connecting faults from different seismic lines
- Building fault planes
- Mapping faults in 3D data
- Mapping faults in vertical and horizontal slices
- Building fault planes
- Structural models
- Building a structural model
- Visualization
- Geometry, kinetics, geodynamics
- Palinspastic Reconstructions
Day Four: Horizons and Stratigraphic Interpretation
- Stratigraphic interpretation
- Horizon interpretation techniques
- Horizon attributes
- Continuity and lateral variations
- Unconformities and stratal terminations
- Seismic facies
- Carbonate systems seismic facies
- Siliciclastic systems seismic facies
- Gross depositional environments
- Advanced stratigraphic interpretation
- Wheeler diagrams
- Seismic sequence stratigraphy
Day Five: Petroleum Systems, Volumetrics and Risking
- The petroleum system elements and processes
- Reservoir
- Seal
- Source rock
- Trap
- Timing and migration
- Mapping hydrocarbon accumulations
- Structural traps
- Stratigraphic traps
- Mixed traps
- Volumetrics
- Leads, prospects, reserves, resources
- Volumetric calculation methods
- P10, P50, P90 and mean
- Risking
- Risking methods and software
- Evaluation of CoS, PoS
- Incorporation of Geological risk into economic evaluations