Effective water transmission and distribution systems requires an understanding and appropriate application of Instrumentation and Process Control concepts. This training course was designed to provide such understanding tailored to Water Flow Measurement & Control and cover their practical applications.
Sensors, Mechanical and Electrical Instrumentation are a key resource in industrial plants with multiple uses ranging from flow measurement, monitoring, and control. The use of smart sensors, microprocessors, PLCs, SCADA systems and automatic measurement systems (AMS) are the latest and most important trends in water transmission and distributions systems.
This training course includes the fundamentals and practical applications of Water Measurement and Control Devices. In addition, the course covers control valves and electronic instrumentation and networking. The course ends with coverage of automatic measurement systems emphasizing wired and wireless communication technologies.
By the end of this training course, the participants will be able to:
- Provide fundamentals and practical applications of sensors, instrumentation, and control valves for water transmission and distribution systems.
- Provide the theoretical and practical knowledge to be able to match the desired instruments for specific applications
- Provide the theoretical and practical knowledge to be able to resolve problems involving accuracy and reliability of measurements
- Provide the processes for calibration, installation, and troubleshooting of water measurement instruments.
- Provide the fundamentals and practical applications of electronic instrumentation, industrial networks, SCADA, and automatic metering systems (AMS).
At the conclusion of this training course, the attendees should have an in-depth knowledge on the principle of operation and configuration of all types of water flow meters covered in the course: invasive and non-invasive type, positive displacement, turbine, electromagnetic, and ultrasonic meters. They should be able to choose the correct flow meter for a particular application and to resolve any ensuing problems in relation to unreliability or inaccuracy of flow meter readings and understand the various processes involved in the calibration of liquid flow meters. They should also have a practical understanding of control valves, smart flow meters, and automatic meter systems.
Day One
Introduction And Mechanical Flow Meters
- Introduction to sensors, transducers, and instrumentation systems
- Examples
- Flow terms and definitions: mass flow, volumetric flow rate, pressure, viscosity, turbidity, units, laminar and turbulent flows, Reynolds number, Bernoulli’s equation, pipe velocity distributions, pipe fitting losses.
- Examples
- Instrumentation terms: accuracy, range, span, maximum error, hysteresis, repeatability and reproducibility, sensitivity, resolution, response time, calibration graphs.
- Examples
- Principles of water flow measurement & control
Mechanical Flow Meters
- Devices; principle of operation, application, and installation considerations of invasive types:
- Coriolis flow meter
- Differential pressure type flow meters
- Orifice plate
- Venturi tube
- Flow nozzle
- Dall flow tube
- Positive displacement flow meters (volumetric rotary piston type): principle of operation, characteristics, sizing, installation.
- Turbine flow meters: single jet, multi jet, woltman, characteristics, calibration curve, sizing & selection, installation & accessories.
- Testing and calibration of water meters.
- Installation considerations, maintenance, and troubleshooting of water meters
Day Two
Electronic Flow Meters and Control Device
- Electromagnetic flow meter: theory of operation, applications and limitations, characteristics, installation recommendations.
- Ultrasonic flow meter (transit time measurement): prerequisites for measurement, operating principles, transducers, design variations, size ranges and limitation, applications & performance, installation, troubleshooting.
- Insertion magnetic flow meter: operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, installation.
- Maintenance and calibration
Control Devices
- General categories of control valves
- Rangeability, end connections, shutoff capability
- Valve sizing
- Choked flow
- Control valve sizing and selection
- Control valve cavitation and noise
- Piston, electric and hydraulic actuators
- Positioners
- Live loading
- Diagnostic testing of control loops
- Air-operated valves diagnostics
- Motors-operated valves diagnostics
Day Three
Smart Sensors, Transmitters and AMR Systems
- Microprocessors and microcomputer systems
- Smart sensor systems
- Intelligent (smart) transmitters
- Microprocessor-based transmitters (smart transmitters)
- Transmitter options: 20 ma current lop, fieldbus, wireless
- Smart (intelligent) pressure transmitters
- Advantages of intelligent instrumentation
- Comparison between intelligent and non-intelligent instrumentation
- Stand-alone controllers
- Self-tuning, sequencing, and networking
- HART protocol
- Fieldbus protocols: profibus, foundation fieldbus
- Wireless HART protocol
- Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system
- Other wireless sensors and transmitters
- Wireless measurement readers
- Automatic meter reading
- Automatic meter systems
